The architecture of complex objects: computers, aircraft, buildings, bridges, landscapes, towns

Abstract

Architecture seems to be currently torn between two extreme movements: one tending to limit it to buildings only, in a sort of protectionism, the other tending towards widening of its scope. Previously, we referred to the architecture of gardens and to naval architecture. Now, we also speak of software architecture, aeronautical architecture, and molecular architecture. In fact, it seems that these apparently opposed, paradoxical movements are two manifestations of one same process. What is this process? In this article, it is suggested that we are witnessing the emergence of architecture's specificity among the different disciplines that concern complex objects/systems and their design. The purpose of this article is to provide clarification of this question.